Essay Examples on Lab Report Essay Example

Essay Examples on Lab Report Paper 1st Essay Sample on Lab Report This will be done by measuring a Mil volume of distilled water into a plastic cup on top of a lance to obtain the weight of water added each time. From this experiment, I hope to broaden my knowledge on the different types of pipettes available and with the results base my conclusion on which if the three is most reliable and accurate. Method: 1 . Starting with a Mil blowout pipette, deliver 1 ml of distilled water into a pre- weighed plastic weighing cup. Re-weigh the cup immediately and obtain the weight of the water by subtraction. 2. Using the same pipette, deliver a further four Mil volumes in the same cup, weighing after each delivery to obtain the weight of water added each time. 3. Repeat the above operations using the ml graduated pipette and the Gilson IIOP automatic pipette. 4. After all of the weights of water have been recorded from each pipette, convert them into units of volume (VI), taking the temperature into consideration. 5. Some human errors could be that not all of the solution from the pipettes was transferred into the plastic weighing cup and therefore could have affected the overall weight at the end of the experiment. Parallax errors could have also occurred as when taking the solution from the flask to the pipette, the solution may have not completely reached the bottom the meniscus, causing a shortage in solution being taken into the pipette and therefore when it was being transferred from the pipette to the weighing cup. 2nd Essay Sample on Lab Report We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Materials: Compound light microscope Glass microscope slide with prepared onion root tip specimen Purpose: understand and identify the stages of the cell cycle and mitosis. Apply an analytical technique to estimate the relative length of each stage of the cell cycle. Hypothesis: What do you predict you will find about the number of cells in each of the phases of the cell cycle? Provide an explanation for your prediction. Procedure: Data and Observations: Create a data table containing a tally of the number of cells observed in each of the following stages: Stage Number of Cells in Part 1 Number of Cells in Part 2 Enterprise Protease Metaphors Anapest Telephone Cytokines Record any observations about the cells you observed (what does the cell look like for each stage): Data Analysis: Calculate the percentage of the cell cycle spent in each stage. Number of cells in given stage total number of cells counted x 100 = % of the cell cycle spent in this stage Create a graph that represents the time spent in each stage of the cell cycle. Conclusion: Lab Report Lab Report Lab Report Be sure to answer the following reflection questions in the conclusion of your lab report: Based on your data, what can you infer about the length of time spent in each stage of the cell cycle? What stages were the longest and shortest? Give a brief explanation of why these stages may have that time period. Essay Examples on Lab Report Essay Example Essay Examples on Lab Report Paper 1st Essay Sample on Lab Report This will be done by measuring a Mil volume of distilled water into a plastic cup on top of a lance to obtain the weight of water added each time. From this experiment, I hope to broaden my knowledge on the different types of pipettes available and with the results base my conclusion on which if the three is most reliable and accurate. Method: 1 . Starting with a Mil blowout pipette, deliver 1 ml of distilled water into a pre- weighed plastic weighing cup. Re-weigh the cup immediately and obtain the weight of the water by subtraction. 2. Using the same pipette, deliver a further four Mil volumes in the same cup, weighing after each delivery to obtain the weight of water added each time. 3. Repeat the above operations using the ml graduated pipette and the Gilson IIOP automatic pipette. 4. After all of the weights of water have been recorded from each pipette, convert them into units of volume (VI), taking the temperature into consideration. 5. Some human errors could be that not all of the solution from the pipettes was transferred into the plastic weighing cup and therefore could have affected the overall weight at the end of the experiment. Parallax errors could have also occurred as when taking the solution from the flask to the pipette, the solution may have not completely reached the bottom the meniscus, causing a shortage in solution being taken into the pipette and therefore when it was being transferred from the pipette to the weighing cup. 2nd Essay Sample on Lab Report We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Materials: Compound light microscope Glass microscope slide with prepared onion root tip specimen Purpose: understand and identify the stages of the cell cycle and mitosis. Apply an analytical technique to estimate the relative length of each stage of the cell cycle. Hypothesis: What do you predict you will find about the number of cells in each of the phases of the cell cycle? Provide an explanation for your prediction. Procedure: Data and Observations: Create a data table containing a tally of the number of cells observed in each of the following stages: Stage Number of Cells in Part 1 Number of Cells in Part 2 Enterprise Protease Metaphors Anapest Telephone Cytokines Record any observations about the cells you observed (what does the cell look like for each stage): Data Analysis: Calculate the percentage of the cell cycle spent in each stage. Number of cells in given stage total number of cells counted x 100 = % of the cell cycle spent in this stage Create a graph that represents the time spent in each stage of the cell cycle. Conclusion: Lab Report Lab Report Lab Report Be sure to answer the following reflection questions in the conclusion of your lab report: Based on your data, what can you infer about the length of time spent in each stage of the cell cycle? What stages were the longest and shortest? Give a brief explanation of why these stages may have that time period.

5 Reasons People Fail the Bar Exam

5 Reasons People Fail the Bar Exam According to Law.com, nearly one-quarter of all those who took the bar exam- 24.9 percent to be exact- failed the test in 2017, the latest year for which figures are available. But Karen Sloan, writing on the legal information website, notes that as many as 36 percent failed the exam in Mississippi, making it the state with the largest failure rate, and nearly 60 percent did not pass in Puerto Rico. There are five key reasons why so many test takers fail to pass the bar exam each year. Learning to avoid these pitfalls may help you pass this all-important test. They Tried to Learn Every Detail of the Law The bar exam requires minimum competency knowledge of the law. However, many test takers are overwhelmed at the amount of material they need to study. So they try to study as they did in law school, learning every nuance and every detail. This usually results in hours of listening to audio lectures and making flash cards or outlines but very little time actually reviewing the heavily tested areas of the law. Getting buried in the details can actually hurt your chances of passing the exam. You are required to know a little about a lot of the law, not a lot about a little. If you concentrate on the minutiae, you won’t know the heavily tested areas of the law on the exam and that may put you at risk of failing. They Failed to Practice and Seek Feedback Many students find they don’t have time to practice. This is a problem because practice is particularly important when studying for the bar exam. For example, California requires applicants to take a performance test as part of the bar exam, as do many other states. The State Bar of California notes that the performance test is designed to evaluate test takers: ...ability to handle a select number of legal authorities in the context of a factual problem involving a client. Yet students often scrimp on practicing for this difficult part of the exam, even though past performance tests are available for free online. Essays are also an integral part of bar exams in most states. So, its important to practice this part of the test, and its simple (and free) to access sample exam questions. The New York State Board of Law Examiners, for example, offers essay questions with sample candidate answers for free download from bar exams as recent as February 2018. If you are a bar exam candidate, it behooves you to access such free questions, familiarize yourself with the material, and practice writing essays or grappling with performance test scenarios. Once you practice, compare your answers to the sample answers, rewrite sections if necessary, and self-evaluate your work. Also, if your bar exam review program offers you feedback, turn in all possible assignments and be sure to get as much feedback as possible. You can even hire a bar exam tutor to help you with this. They Ignored the MBE Most bar tests include a Multistate Bar Examination, a standardized bar test created by the National Conference of Bar Examiners, which is administered to applicants taking the bar in nearly all states nationwide. Yet, as with sample performance tests and sample essay questions, its easy to obtain actual- and, again, free- MBE questions from past bar exams, says JD Advising, a bar exam tutoring and preparation firm. Ashley Heidemann writing on the JD Advising website says that its important to practice with real MBE questions because they are written in a very specific style. Though her firm does charge a fee for MBE questions, it also offers free tips on how to pass the MBE. The National Conference of Bar Examiners also offers free MBE questions from previous tests. Indeed, the nonprofit NCBE is a great resource for preparing for all aspects of the bar, regardless of the state where you plan to take the test. The group even offers a Comprehensive Guide to Bar Admission Requirements for $15 as of 2018. Its not free, but considering the importance of passing the bar, it would likely be well worth the money for any bar exam candidate- especially since the NCBE developed and distributes the MBE. They Did not Take Care of Themselves Students who take terrible care of themselves- thus, putting themselves at risk of sickness, added anxiety, burnout, and inability to focus- often have difficulty passing the exam. Sure, this isn’t a time to start a new diet and/or workout regimen, but you won’t do well on exam day if you are tired, bleary-eyed, stressed out, and hungry because you haven’t been taking good care of yourself or didn’t eat properly. The condition of your physical body is a major element of bar exam success, says Bar Exam Toolbox. They Engaged in Self-Sabotaging Behavior This kind of behavior can come in many different forms: You might agree to volunteer for a time-consuming summer program, and as a result, lack adequate time to study. You might spend too much time online or socializing with friends instead of spending quality hours studying. You could pick fights with your significant other leaving you too emotionally drained to study. Bar Exam Toolbox offers a host of tips for mentally preparing for the exam, including how to streamline your bar exam prep, choose a bar exam preparation course (if you decide to take that route), or assess whether you need help studying for the exam if you are taking it for the first time. Remember, you want to take this exam only once: Do everything you can to focus and stay on track with your bar exam preparation.

What caused the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan in 1979 Essay

What caused the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan in 1979 - Essay Example In the second part, the role of Brezhnev and Troika to invade Afghanistan will show us the behavior, which compelled them to initiate a risk taking behavior. In the third part, analysis of the whole events will be presented. The Evaluation of the situation, which will help us understand the causes of Soviet invasion in Afghanistan. In the end, a conclusion will be provide which will sum up the political events happening in Afghanistan projecting the role of United States in South Asia and the aftereffects of the war on Soviets. At the time of invasion, there were two important systems of government, which were having their rule. The capitalist countries like United States where the resources are in the hand of few influential people and Communism in which there is the distribution of all its resources to bring equality, which Soviets tried to spread throughout their region and Afghanistan. Causes of invasion given to Soviets A War of Liberation: The soviet people were given the reaso n of their invasion of Afghanistan was for the liberation of the Afghan communists. This paper will be presenting different arguments, which led to the atrocities carried out by Soviets and the impact of the war in Afghanistan and its implication in the history of the Soviets and the whole region.... The Soviet ideology was Atheism, so they wanted to create a stable communist society, portraying that the system needs to be reformed, and they need to safeguard the government from Islamic fundamentalism4 (Cordovez 1995). Analysis through political events: In reality these were not the cases. In order to understand the causes of the Soviet invasion we are projecting all the events that took place due to which the war was fought which resulted in devastation for both, the Soviets and the Afghani’s. Afghanistan: Early Years (1971-1978) During 1971-1978, Afghanistan was considered as one of the most under developed nation of the world. There was a terrible drought in the region during 1971-1973 due to which there was a breakdown in their economy, and Afghanistan had to turn to other countries like West Germany, Iran, United States and USSR for support. During this time besides economic crises, there was also a lot of political unrest in the country. This political instability al so contributed in increasing the country’s problems5. At that time a political party - â€Å"People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA)† was the most popular party, which had a major role, is causing distress in the country. This party was formed in 1965, which constituted of 30 Afghans and most of the members of PDPA had got their military training in the USSR. It was seen that there were many issues between its two leaders, Nur Mohammad Taraki and Babrak Karmal. Both the parties strived for power and due to the differences in 1967, Karmal formed his own party by the same name PDPA, but its identification was named as ‘Parcham’ (banner). The two parties started

Depression in Older adults Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Depression in Older adults - Essay Example A variety of tools or methods that are used to assess depression within older adult will also be presented and discussed. Some of the relevant evidenced-based nursing strategies that have been utilized to address depression within the older adult population will also be presented and discussed. The last section will comprise the summary of key points that will be discussed. Depression in older adult population has generated a massive attention. The attention has arisen due to the underlying effects in the older adult population. Although depression is prevalent in the age group, it is not a formal part of aging (Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). Rather, it is a medical problem tat affects many older adults, and it is possible to eliminate it through proper treatment. However, the problem needs to attract proper attention due to lack of recognition and effective treatment in older adults. On the other hand, it is essential to describe some of the common types of depression affecting older adult’s population. There are three common types of depression. They include major depression, minor depression, and dysthymia (Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). The major depression is characterized by lack of proper sleep, inability to eat, and lacks enjoyment in pleasurable activities (Department of Health and Human Services, 2011) . The main symptoms of depression include depressed mood, loss of interest, disturbed sleep, weight loss, fatigue, and restlessness. On the other hand, minor depression does not have severe symptoms as other depression. It is usually characterized by depressed mood and loss of interest (Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). The other type of common depression is dysthymia and is characterized by long-term, chronic symptoms that act as a hindrance to normal adult functions (Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). The condition is characterized by persistent negative perspective and low mood. The

Please read the material and create it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of Pericles Speech - Essay Example He holds the idea that for the country to achieve democracy, the orators are obliged with the work of pushing for democracy in loyalty to those who died fighting for it. Another element of Pericles speech is the omission of the mention of the great martial achievements of the Athens past. While he feels that the praise of the martial war is an important aspect of the war, he feels that this is covered sufficiently and opts to talk about the road that they have used to reach the current position. Pericles states that â€Å"that part of our history that tells of the military achievements which gave us our several possessions†¦area theme too familiar†¦. and I shall, therefore, pass it by† (Pericles 4). A good part of his speech focuses on the path that the country has used to reach its freedom. The idea of Pericles is that the pursuit of democracy is a journey that the people should understand to be able to know where to start. Therefore, the speech appreciates the achievements of those who died in the war and informs the public on the need to join in the journey. The third element of the speech of Pericles is the praise of the greatness of the Athens. In his speech, Pericles focused on the key features of democracy in Athens and the way these have given the country its greatness. He states, â€Å"†¦advancement in public life falls to reputations for capacity, class considerations not being allowed to interfere with merit†¦at Athens, we live exactly as we please†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pericles 5). The idea of Athens is that the maintenance of openness and liberty pave way for greatness, but do not inhibit development. Pointing out to the values of democracy, Pericles gives out the message that the people must uphold these values if the country has to maintain liberalism, which is crucial for modern democracy. Lincolns and Pericles speech are similar in their reference to the idea of democracy in the country.  Ã‚  

The Low Cost Airline: Air Arabia

The Low Cost Airline: Air Arabia Air Arabia is one of the low cost airlines of UAE, based in Sharjah. It presently is operating in more than 45 destinations comprising of major cities in south-east Asia, Middle-East and few regions of central Asia and Africa. Air Arabia is also registered in AACO or Arab Air Carriers Organization In the recent years the threat due to its substitute competitors was almost nullified. They stood nowhere in front of Air Arabia but there had been a constant threat from the upcoming new competitors. Though the new competitors were not enough to challenge Air Arabia, there was still some kind of threat because the numbers of such competitors were increasing day by day. In UAE initially there were many air service providers, but in the recent times Air Arabia has proved to be the most effective one compared to its previous competitors. With the increasing oil prices the competitors of Air Arabia increased their prices, but Air Arabia kept its low budget fares in order to gain more and more public support at the cost of temporary loss or little marginal gain. The low cost carriers are so effective that they helped Air Arabia win Merit Award for CAPA Low Cost Airline of the Year 2006 and the World Airline Award for Best Low-Cost Airline in the Middle East in 2007. The biggest threat that Air Arabia has is from its competitors. The reason for the same is that once a company gets a remark of dissatisfying its customers by not doing as advertised, the competitors take advantage. Key strategies include: Entering in new segments and thus removing dependency on singe segment (low cost carrier). Arranging funds to buy more funds. Balancing between increasing inflation and controlling the prices of the tickets. Acquiring new and small airlines for faster expansion. Getting listed at new airports and starting operation in new places. Supporting governments Emiritization strategy to get more federal support. Talking about the implementation of strategies, for increasing its marketing dimension, the company has invested over DH one million in terms of Ads, both online and print media. This would result in a long term profit for the company, though its quite a heavy amount on the basis of companys current scenario. More includes: International flight connecting Abu Dhabi to more than 45 international destinations in USA, Indian subcontinent etc. Air Arabia carried over 4.6 million passengers, an augment of approximately 65.8% over in 2006. (Lowcostairlinesworld, 2009) Along with this, it also griped 175,000 tons of freight in 2007, which is an increase of over 75% than the year 2006. Introduction: Air Arabia is one of the low cost airlines of UAE, based in Sharjah. It presently is operating in more than 45 destinations comprising of major cities in south-east Asia, Middle-East and few regions of central Asia and Africa. Air Arabia is also registered in AACO or Arab Air Carriers Organization. It was the first low-fare organization in the Middle-East, started on 3rd February in the year 2003. It offers almost 40% less price than the other airlines. The main base of the airline is Sharjah. In 2007 it was the first to offer public 55% of its stock. It basically aims at attracting the people. After its foundation it kept on spreading in services. For the time in 2008 it had to back out from the Nepal region due to some uncertain political and economic issues. It has collaborated with many other airlines in many parts of the world. Vision: The ultimate goal of the company is to position itself at the top of all the Low-fare airlines in UAE and in Gulf. The key features of Vision of the company are as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Expanding its aircraft range à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To provide service on more number of routes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To enhance efficiency of operations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ And to increase its revenue maintaining a low and simple structure of low air-fare industry. Mission: The companys mission includes building and creating multi-functional team, increase revenue and offering a value for money services in the region. The ultimate mission is to bring a revolution in the fright industry by new and innovative corporate standards. Industry background: The airlines industry of UAE is vast if we look at the number of service providers. There are number of low cost airlines. National airlines of UAE other than air Arabia include Gulf Air, Emirates and Etihad. Gulf air was started long ago in 1950. It provides a number of facilities to its users. Firstly it has provided many onboard facilities to children below the age of 12. For the business related people it provides the BBC world news. It also provides separate dinning for the passengers. It is treated as a standard national flight for most of the purposes. Emirates airlines were introduced after Gulf Air in 1985. It is also considered as a national flight. It has won several awards for its services. This airline consists of many air planes both for public and private issues. Etihad is the most recent one and was introduced after air Arabia in the same year. It had also become quite popular but could not compete with Air Arabia on low cost. A Kam air fare is also considered as one of the low cost airlines in UAE. Among all the existing national airlines till date Air Arabia is considered to be the cheapest one. It is not considered to be a flight with the best facility on board but of course it offers a cheap fare t its customers. The facilities provided by these national airlines to their customers vary from each other. All these airlines greatly contribute to the national economy of UAE. Statement of problem: In this report, we will talk about the key strategies of Air Arabia, alternate strategies available, implementation, and SWOT, PEST and competitor analysis of Air Arabia. For this concern, an interview with a manager of the company is organized. The Manager stated that Air Arabia is doing substantially well in its domain which is presently concentrated to low cost airline segment. For long term perspective, the company is aiming to enter in more segments than this alone. There are number of strategic problems the company is facing. These are: Entering in new segments and thus removing dependency on singe segment (low cost carrier). Arranging funds to buy more funds. Balancing between increasing inflation and controlling the prices of the tickets. Acquiring new and small airlines for faster expansion. Getting listed at new airports and starting operation in new places. Supporting governments Emiritization strategy to get more federal support. Analysis: Environmental or Industrial Analysis: Air Arabia believes in providing a superior and cost efficient life support system by introducing advanced facilities and more availability to gain customer satisfaction. It aims to be a company that has value and importance based on kind of services it provides. The organization has certain morals when it comes to staffing and team work, maintaining customer relationship, honesty, truthfulness, and flexibility are that satisfy the grounds. The customers of the Air industry are in all forms. The aircrafts are used for the security of nations and so go to the government. Then importers and exporters of the market that import goods from as small as vegetables to cars. So in turn we also are using these services. They are used for the people to travel. The aircrafts are the majority form of transportation in the recent times. Porters five forces analysis The threat of substitute competitors: In the recent years the threat due to its substitute competitors was almost nullified. They stood nowhere in front of Air Arabia. The other substitutes kept on declining and the company Air Arabia kept on improving talking in terms of profit in the market. The other companies could not offer such a low fares as compared to Air Arabia whose fares were remarkable. The threat of the entry of new competitors There had been a constant threat from the upcoming new competitors. Every now and then many new companies were launched along with the existing ones. They all tried to match up to the level of Air Arabia but ultimately failed to continue on a long run. They met with huge loss and ultimately ended up in increasing the cost. All these competitors tried to copy Air Arabia based on service it provides, but they failed to regulate them on a regular basis based on public satisfaction and demand. The intensity of competitive rivalry Though Air Arabia continued to dominate the market in the recent years, it had not been an easy job. It always had to keep itself alert and changing. Though the new competitors were not enough to challenge Air Arabia, there was still some kind of threat because the numbers of such competitors were increasing day by day. Air Arabia had to keep a survey of the prevailing market conditions and take safe decisions to keep going. Marketing aspect of the company became crucial in maintaining the market position. The bargaining power of customers Considering the bargaining power in case of Air Arabia is a mere thing if we compare it with the facilities it provides and the lack of able competitors. People were not much into bargaining because Air Arabia had been the best available among all the others. However, in times of strong competition by some new rivals there had been some kind of bargaining by the customers, which was gracefully accepted for that period. The bargaining power of suppliers Suppliers in this case refer to the stock holders of the company. They also got a huge discount on available stocks. Also the amount of available public stocks was considerably increased. They also get a good amount of annual dividend. Also due to expansion of their business the stock holders made a huge profit. Competitor Analysis: In UAE initially there were many air service providers, but in the recent times Air Arabia has proved to be the most effective one compared to its previous competitors. With the increasing oil prices the competitors of Air Arabia increased their prices, but Air Arabia kept its low budget fares in order to gain more and more public support at the cost of temporary loss or little marginal gain. This was very crucial in giving Air Arabia a position quite different from others. Among all the existing national airlines till date Air Arabia is considered to be the cheapest one. It is not considered to be a flight with the best facility on board but of course it offers a cheap fare t its customers. The facilities provided by these national airlines to their customers vary from each other. All these airlines greatly contribute to the national economy of UAE. SWOT Analysis: Strengths Considering the case of Air Arabia, the low cost fare plays a crucial role in gaining the public interest. The low cost carriers are so effective that they helped Air Arabia win Merit Award for CAPA Low Cost Airline of the Year 2006 and the World Airline Award for Best Low-Cost Airline in the Middle East in 2007. With the increasing infrastructure, high regional GDP and a huge demand in various regions, air travels are contributing to the success of low cost carriers in UAE. The reason for Air Arabia being so popular among all the regions of the world is its award winning strategies. These awards add a great deal in their marketing strategy which helps to bag future success. Air Arabia has been able to advertise its business in the following ways: Travel agency commissions stopped Removal of interline, code-share relationships Usage of secondary or alternate city airports (Eyefortravel, 2008) As a number of people have begun to feel the same, it is certainly a positive aspect of advertising for Air Arabia. Weakness The greatest weakness that most of the airlines companies are facing nowadays is that they have not been able to live up to their expectations. On many occasions, Air Arabia has agreed on certain flying to certain destinations but it has not lived up to it. One such concern is that when the airline company promised to fly to some of the most restricted destinations in the world, it could not make it to Cairo as it most highly expected by the tourists and other regular passengers. So, as the advertisement said they did not book their expensive tickets through different airline companies but at the same time did not get the opportunity to travel at all. Some of the major accessories as expected by the passengers in Air Arabia in spite of its low cost are as follows: Amenity Kits Air Sickness Bags In-flight socks Eye shades Blankets Headsets Opportunities High GDP Growth Rates: Petroleum extraction and refining operations have been on an all time high in the UAE in the past few years. This has helped in the boost of the economy of UAE. Air Arabia can take advantage of this fact and can help make the use of its low cost carriers more prominent. Positive Demographics: The percentage of youth (under 30 years) in the UAE is 64%. This will provide a high in the future market as liberalization opens market even to air travel. It is one of the important factors for Air Arabia to select its targeting strategy. Strong Tourism: The energy and entrepreneurial spirit of the middle-east region is attracting tourism and business traffic in its own right. Advertisement can be done with all the tourism companies so as to make the tour highly affordable for the tourists. Threats The biggest threat that Air Arabia has is from its competitors. The reason for the same is that once a company gets a remark of dissatisfying its customers by not doing as advertised, the competitors take advantage. The other reason of threat for Air Arabia is that all the newly merging airline companies are in a spree to capture the market by making a strong reputation. Once they come up with price fares lesser than Air Arabia then even the best of advertising would fail. Companys performance: Air Arabia is one of the low cost airlines of UAE, based in Sharjah. It presently is operating in more than 45 destinations comprising of major cities in south-east Asia, Middle-East and few regions of central Asia and Africa. Air Arabia is also registered in AACO or Arab Air Carriers Organization. The companys mission includes building and creating multi-functional team, increase revenue and offering a value for money services in the region. It was the first low-fare organization in the Middle-East, started on 3rd February in the year 2003. It offers almost 40% less price than the other airlines. The main base of the airline is Sharjah. In 2007 it was the first to offer public 55% of its stock. It basically aims at attracting the people. After its foundation it kept on spreading in services. For the time in 2008 it had to back out from the Nepal region due to some uncertain political and economic issues. It has collaborated with many other airlines in many parts of the world. (Amein fo, 2009) Key Strategies: A key strategic issue includes: Entering in new segments and thus removing dependency on singe segment (low cost carrier). Arranging funds to buy more funds. Balancing between increasing inflation and controlling the prices of the tickets. Acquiring new and small airlines for faster expansion. Getting listed at new airports and starting operation in new places. Supporting governments Emiritization strategy to get more federal support. The company is trying to introduce low cost flights so that more and more people avail them. There are basically targeting on two areas. First of all they are reducing some unnecessary facilities on short time journeys. Removing these facilities based on such a low cost hardly affects public interest. Secondly, they are trying to reduce the fair on some routes and at the same time increasing the number of flights on these routes. This means gaining public interest and support based on low marginal profit. Other than offering incentives to its customers it also offers heavy dividend and discounts to stock holders. It was the first flight to provide so much of rebate to its customers and stock holders. It keeps on increasing the facilities offered in order to keep the interest maintained. (Ameinfo, 2009) Air Arabia has recently expanded its aircraft ranges. It has tried to expand the business in by introducing new routes in many parts of the region. There are more and number of aircrafts in the regions where there were less no of aircrafts. Now the flights are available more frequently in some routes based on amount of profit made in the existing routes. In order to increase the value of its stocks in the market, the company has released more no of stocks to the public with discounts. The strategies, the growth and the future plans offered by Air Arabia are sufficient to attract more and more stock holders which ultimately lead to expansion in terms to money, power and public support. It has also appeared on many other stock lists and transactions are also about to start. (Eyefortravel, 2008) The company had been very particular in deciding the cost of transport. It kept in mind the rising and the falling prices of oil and other equipments, directly or indirectly related to their business. In other words, they maintained a complete survey of the prevailing market. With the increase in the fuel prices many airlines companies increased their prices and vice versa. There are other strategies which were used for marketing at financial level. The company has gained a lot from them. The profit margin has increased by 40% in the recent years and there are still chances of further increase. These all strategies have proved fruitful both for the company and the company stock holders which are directly or indirectly related to the company. The company has been able to hold up to the expectations of its employees and its customers. Air Arabia greatly contributes in the UAE economy. Recently it got an approval to appear on Dubai financial list. The Air Arabia is going to appear on stock list of Dubai financial market and trading it will be started in few days. The way Air Arabia is using the budget and the way it is applying the strategies it is believed that in the time to come if there is a slow economy progress, Air Arabia alone can handle it. Strategic Alternatives: Some strategies of Air Arabia for future few years are as follows: Expanding its aircraft range: One important constraint in companys expansion plan is the limited number of cargo and passenger planes available to the company. The company will place periodic orders for new aircrafts to support its expansions plans. To provide service on more number of routes: The company would like to serve in European countries and other untouched destinations in North and South America. The expansion will give a vast increment in companys present market size. To enhance efficiency of operations: As a long term strategy, the company would like to implement TQM strategies in its operations. Increase its revenue maintaining high and quality structure of luxurious aircraft industry Another one is Emiritization and advancement of UAE people. The company has a number of plans in this direction with long term interest which are mentioned as follows: UAE National Cadet Pilots Training or UNCPT The company invites aspirants who what to become a pilot with a statement like We are giving wings to your dreams. Its pilot training program is one of the finest in the nation. The company states that as the public Airline of the United Arab Emirate, it has an immense vision. To see further Emiratis taking their correct position as pilots in lone of the fastest mounting airlines on the planet. UAE National Graduate Entry Management Plan The public airline of the UAE, Air Arabia, is investing in its outlook and would consequently like to spend in people by giving them the chance to be 1 of the privileged students chosen to join its UNGEM program. It states that by this program, graduates will develop sturdy leadership abilities and form a collection of professionals who are organized to meet quickly expanding and developing leadership wants in various branches within the company. (Eyefortravel, 2008) Enhancing the cargo carriers flights: As shown from the contribution of profit from the cargo and customer units, the cargo unit contributes around 65% of the companys turnover, which depict the clear dominance of cargo unit over the customer unit in terms of profit. The company would like to utilize this faith of people in Air Arabias cargo unit to gain additional market share. Thus as an expansion plan for cargo unit, the company is ordering more share of cargo planes as compared to that of passenger planes. Segmentation and targeting: The Company had divided the consumer market into various segments based on income and profession. The segment which appears to be the center of consideration for the company is those of high earning boniness people who need to travel consistently and comfortably. Positioning: Its actually consumers perception about the service. Royal Jet, from the beginning has tried to establish as a symbol for a cheap but reliable air traffic business partner. Implementation: Air Arabia greatly contributes in the UAE economy. Recently it got an approval to appear on Dubai financial list. The Air Arabia is going to appear on stock list of Dubai financial market and trading it will be started in few days. It has already started offering rebates on stocks to its customers. The national economy of UAE is going to be benefited by the kind of strategies being forwarded by Air Arabia. Not only are they going to have a huge business but also a huge investment in the stocks by the common people. The market is going to be greatly affected. Many new services are being started. The UAE government believes that Air Arabia can alone increase the UAE economy from going down. It has now met with 32% profit which is the highest ever in the recent years. For increasing its marketing dimension, the company has invested over DH one million in terms of Ads, both online and print media. This would result in a long term profit for the company, though its quite a heavy amount on the basis of companys current scenario. (Arabia, 2009) Use of technology: The Company has recently brought 7 new aircrafts with increased capacities and advance technology. As the company is still very new, almost all of the aircrafts are in good condition. Talking about other technological diffusion parameters, the company has recently brought a SAP system which is an expert system from Sap international. This expert system is Artificial Intelligence based and works on knowledge representation rather than data manipulation, thus is highly technical and advance. The operation unit exploits the SAP system to efficiently monitor the various aspects and inventory constituents. The company also has an online terminal to book tickets and offers various plans in flights according to customer requirements. International flight connecting Abu Dhabi to more than 45 international destinations in USA, Indian subcontinent etc. Air Arabia carried over 4.6 million passengers, an augment of approximately 65.8% over in 2006. Along with this, it also griped 175,000 tons of freight in 2007, which is an increase of over 75% than the year 2006. (Ameinfo, 2009) Air Arabia owns complete share is its two subsidiaries, Air Arabia Holidays, a travel group and vehicle rental company and Air Arabia Crystal Cargo, which provides freight handling services. Air Arabia had a 24 hour help line for its customers. Air Arabia also provides hospitality services by providing temporary accommodation in hotels. (Arabia, 2009) The Air Arabia owned a group of 37 traveler and cargo airplanes, as depicted by the data of January 2008 and it plan is to increase its aircraft group to 300 by the year 2020. Air Arabia is also planning to fly over 25 million customers per year by 2020 and to twofold the number of metropolitans served from 50 to make it near 100. Market segmentation: Presently the market is segmented on the basis of income and travelling frequency of the people. It results in generation of segments like high business class consumers, consumers travelling too often but expending less, tourism based consumers (not fixed) etc. Apart from these segments, a variety of new segments can be created like low-spending domestic class, mainly for tourism. As example of this segment can be Indias growing domestic aviation market which depends little spending but large sized segment. Talking about the competitors involvement in these segments, Etihad is a big player of cheap flights segments along with Easy jet. Some other like Palm operates in multiple segments. Some competitors are head to head rival of Air Arabia in Luxury market like Sky jets etc. Thus the competitors are widely spread in these segments. References: Ameinfo (2009), Air Arabia marketing team takes centre stage, retrieved on 1st November, from http://www.ameinfo.com/29672.html Eyefortravel (2008), Air Arabia plans expansion, retrieved on 1st November, from http://www.eyefortravel.com/news/middle-east/air-arabia-plans-expansionddle-east/air-arabia-plans-expansion Lowcostairlinesworld (2009), Innovation and opportunity for traditional and low cost carriers and investors, retrieved on 31st October from http://www.lowcostairlinesworld.com/sg/programme.stm Air Arabia (2009), Know us, retrieved on 1st November, from http://www.airarabia.com/crp_1/know-more

Why You Should Purchase a PC :: essays research papers fc

Why You Should Purchase A PC Computers are capable of doing more things every year. There are many advantages to knowing how to use a computer, and it is important that everyone know how to use them properly. Using the information I have gathered, and my own knowledge from my 12 years of computer experience, I will explain the many advantages of owning a computer and knowing how to use a PC and I will attempt to explain why you should purchase a computer and learn how to use one properly. Webster's New World Compact Dictionary defines a computer as "an electronic machine that performs rapid, complex calculations or compiles and correlates data" ("Computer."). While this definition gives one a very narrow view of what a computer is capable of doing, it does describe the basic ideas of what I will expand upon. We have been living through an age of computers for a short while now and there are already many people world wide that are computer literate. According to Using Computers: A Gateway to Information World Wide Web Edition, over 250 million Personal Computers (PC's) were in use by 1995, and one out of every three homes had a PC (Shelly, Cashman,& Waggoner, 138). Computers are easy to use when you know how they work and what the parts are. All computers perform the four basic operations of the information processing cycle: input, process, output, and storage. Data, any kind of raw facts, is required for the processing cycle to occur. Data is processed into useful information by the computer hardware. Most computer systems consist of a monitor, a system unit which contains the Central Processing Unit (CPU), a floppy-disk drive, a CD-ROM drive, speakers, a keyboard, a mouse, and a printer. Each component takes a part in one of the four operations. The keyboard and mouse are input devices that a person uses to enter data into the computer. From there the data goes to the system unit where it is processed into useful information the computer can understand and work with. Next the processed data can be sent to storage devices or to output devices. Normally output is sent to the monitor and stored on the hard-disk or to a floppy-disk located internal of the system unit. Output can also be printed out through the printer, or can be played through the speakers as sound depending on the form it takes after it is processed. Once you have grasped a basic understanding of the basic parts and operations of a computer, you can soon discover what you can do with computers

Marketing Plan Dutch Lady Milk Industries Essay

Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad (â€Å"DLMI†) is a leader in the quality branded dairy business in Malaysia. It was incorporated in 1963, and was the first milk company in Malaysia to be listed on Bursa Malaysia, the local Stock Exchange in 1968. Its holding company is Royal FrieslandCampina, a Dutch multinational corporation and one of the largest milk companies in the world. Permodalan Nasional Berhad is the second largest shareholder in the Company. Corporate Vision: To spread the goodness of milk to everyone. Corporate Mission: To create value for our owners, in short and long term, by means of profitable dairy activities. To develop, produce and market a broad range of reliable, natural and nutritious dairy products that contribute to well-being and vitality of life. To recognize that know-how, quality, dedication and leadership of our employees are the most crucial assets to achieve our targets. For generations, Dutch Lady Milk Industries principal business is to supply quality dairy and infant nutrition products to the nation. Today Dutch Lady ranks among the top three dairy producers in Malaysia. Generations of Malaysians have grown up on Dutch Lady dairy products. While Dutch Lady first established itself as a manufacturer of sweetened condensed milk, Dutch Lady Milk Industries’ extensive product range now spans from infant formula and growing up milk to fruit juice and yoghurt snacks. Every product innovation that rapidly develops infant and child formula range is backed by extensive research both locally and internationally. DLMI is the largest purchaser of local fresh milk from the Veterinary Services Department. It also supports local industries by using a substantial amount of local ingredients such as palm oil and sugar in its products. The quality of the Company’s products is paramount. Quality Control and Quality Assurance are prime considerations. In line with this, the Company has continually been accredited with ISO 9001 certification since 1995. Strong emphasis is also placed on food safety with the implementation of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) System to cover all its plants. Since it commenced manufacturing in 1963, DLMI has steadily expanded its operations in Malaysia. Its chilled plant is one of  the most modern in South East Asia. SECTION 2.0 BUSINESS OVERVIEW Figure 1 Total market for Chilled Business [2] Source: DLMI (2009) As shown in Figure 1, the total chilled (total of eating yoghurt, yoghurt drink and cultured milk) market is consistently growing but at a very slow rate. Therefore, Dutch Lady is hoping to play a role in growing this niche market where most players neglect. From a recent study done by a third party, consumers nowadays are vey health conscious and are ready to take up anything that could help benefit their health. This is especially helpful with the females growing interest in getting slim through exercise or daily intake of nutritious yoghurt. Figure 2 Chilled Business Volume Percentage Share by Players [3] Source: ACNielsen Malaysia (2009) DLMI is currently at third position in terms of percentage volume share for chilled business in comparison to M’sia Milk, the market leader and Nestle at second. This is due to DLMI’s limited chilled product line. M’Sia Milk, though only provides Fresh and Low Fat Milk, their best seller are the 2 Litres package size and therefore, in terms of volume and value they are still the market leader. Nestle on the other hand offers a wider chilled product line by offering yoghurt, yoghurt drinks and cultured milk. These are the plausible reasons for DLMI inability to capture a larger market size because it neither produces 2 Litre package size milk not does it offers cultured milk as part of its chilled product line. Currently, the market is desperate for some product excitement and flavours. This could provide DLMI the opportunity to capture the market through target groups and segmentation of the market which will be discussed later in the other sections. Moreover, by collecting enough information of the potential areas, DLMI could use the marketing mix to help boost their sales and have a larger consumer base for the chilled market. In order to gel all these ideas into possible actions, the author would like to propose a bold move into introducing the ‘Tropicana’ flavor for all range and pack size for both yoghurt and drinking yoghurt. This Tropicana flavor will definitely draw attention and create a new group of consumers. Plus no other competitor products have come out with such thrilling flavor, therefore these would definitely appeal to those whom  are bored of the old traditional flavours and are looking for new range of stimulation for their taste buds. SECTION 3.0 TARGET MARKET Figure 3 Sales Review for Chilled Product by Chain [4] Source: BW (2009) As depict in Figure 3, Giant chain supermarket is the one with the highest sales value growth for chilled business and Tesco at second place. Hence, DLMI could target the consumers from both these chains as the trend that can be seen here is that consumers prefer to purchase chilled products at chain supermarkets with warehouse concept. Giant and Tesco are typically a supermarket that builds on purchasing at bulk to keep the selling price as low as possible to attract consumers that are looking for supplies at below average market price. Consumers that purchase at Tesco and Giant are generally from the middle income group and form the Malay ethnic group as the main followed by Chinese ethnic as shown in Figure 4. For that reason, we could factor in these as part of the target group for the new ‘Tropicana’ flavor. Figure 4 Sales Review for Chilled Product by Chain [5] Source: Dunnhumby (2009) Presently, DLMI demarcation of area is by Central (Seremban, Pahang, Klang, Kajang, Petaling Jaya); East Coast (Kota Bahru, Kuantan); North (Perak, Penang, Kedah, Perlis); South (Melaka, Batu Pahat, Johor Bahru); Sabah and Sarawak. And as shown in Figure 5, the AMS for Central seems to be the most promising area of development followed by South and then North. Therefore, it is safe to conclude that consumers at more developed areas are more particular towards living a healthy lifestyle. Figure 5 Average Monthly Sales of Chilled Business by Area [6] Source: BW (2009) Therefore, the target market that DLMI is looking at to grow their chilled market share is through three different target groups: Middle income group which frequent hypermarkets or supermarkets at central, south and north region with basket size of about RM35 to RM40 per visit; Teenagers age 35 and below whom are at the launch of their career and tends to emphazise slimming and natural beauty; Adults age 35 and above whom are more health concious towards living a longer healthy life. Since yoghurts and yoghurt  drinks are classified as convenience products as it is bought frequently and immediately at reasonably low price with many point of sales, it is therefore considered a potential market which DLMI would like to nurture in hope that they could construct a loyal customer base as a platform for future consumers while at the same time educating these consumers about the importance of eating and staying healthy. The ‘Tropicana’ flavour would be able to cater to these group of health concious consumers because it is rich in nutrients from all the mix tropical fruits. SECTION 4.0 LONG TERM AND SHORT TERM GOALS SHORT TERM Chilled products are very dependent on promotions, therefore for the short term goal, DLMI hope to successfully execute all promotions planned throughout the year as depicted in Table 2. The selections of the promotion are during festive seasons where consumers are more likely to spend more. The author is hoping to be a trend setter using these promotion plans by encouraging consumers to purchase more yoghurt drinks and yoghurt as a festive item instead of just a convenience product. That is the very reason why most of the promotions for the chilled products are conducted during festive seasons and national fairs. Table 2 Promotion Plan for Chilled Products [7] Source: DLMI (2009) LONG TERM In the long term however, DLMI is hoping to be able to strengthen the position further if the initial establishment succeed. These are the few long term actions that DLMI could consider: Focus on key outlets with key SKUs; Listing of only the top flavours; Operation support from chain supermarket to build business further; Conduct cross promo with any value added product; Secure additional space for greater visibility; Implementation of segmentation according to agreed planogram; Implement trade schemes to drive distribution; Mount activities to convert competitor users; Promotional activities to reward loyal users; Induce trial through giving out free sample pack size. These long term plan are also meant to be continuously conducted throughout each year to secure the share of business in the chilled market. SECTION 5.0 MARKETING STRATEGIES Figure 6 Marketing Above The Line 360 º Activation [8] Source: DLMI (2009) DLMI 360 º activation plan is one form of marketing strategy to create brand awareness and ideally brand preference among existing consumers and possibly new users who will prefer a new sort of exciting taste. The awareness campaign will touch on all forms of media from online advertising to advertising on the shelf itself to news and ads. ADVERTISING DLMI will roll out a coordinated advertising campaign to emphasize the following points: Dutch Lady yoghurt is getting better, with a new and refurbished new ‘Tropical’ flavor. DLMI could consider using print and broadcast ads in women-oriented mediums several weeks before the new introduction of products to inform people of how healthy is Dutch Lady’s yoghurt and changing to meet their needs. Billboards, television, radio, and display signs will be primary vehicles for this. About two weeks before introduction, our ads will change from stressing our company image to stressing product line imaging. DLMI will also run specific ads the ‘Tropical’ flavor product stressing its benefits to the consumers. This specific part of the campaign will primarily use magazines, radio, and other mediums targeted at the under 25 aged crowd. After product introduction, will run advertising to persuade and remind consumers of our new products. There will be a customized advertisement of the video which shows the new ‘Tropical’ flavor with a silent background to serve the product tagline. PUBLIC RELATIONS DLMI will pursue the following public relations oriented programs: DLMI will put together a press kit showing L’Oreal’s commitment to grow and serve the Dutch market. We will include key facts including our additions to the employment rolls and charitable contributions. We will look to host and/or  sponsor events that appeal to our target markets. For our more mature audience with increased dispensable income, we will sponsor a â€Å"Women in Business† seminar. Women in key roles as models or local actresses can be presenters. For those women at home, we will look into sponsoring events that will appeal more to them – something along the lines of a home and/or garden show and conventional housewives will be chosen as the product ambassador. We also are excited about creating Health Shows geared towards the younger and first time consumers. The Shows will focus on education of terms, etc. and actual hands-on training. They can be arranged on a small scale , e.g. a booth at a mall, to a larger event at a local hall with many booths. We will donate a portion of sales of the new ‘Tropical’ flavour towards slimming research. This will be displayed on all advertisements associated with the new flavour product. PRODUCT TAGLINE â€Å"THE TROPICAL SILENCE THAT BRINGS HARMONY TO YOUR HEALTH† PRODUCT VIDEO * Please refer to attached flash video* SECTION 6.0 SITUATION ANALYSES GIANT S.W.O.T. ANALYSES GIANT CUSTOMER – GIANT STRENGTHS WEAKNESS C H A N E L Hypermarket Wide distribution network with high number of stores. (Total: 110 outlets, EM: 10 outlets and PM: 91 outlets) Giant operation team welcome in-store approaches on tactical promotions (priority given to top suppliers) Store layout with event area for in-store activities Space allocation for activities at â€Å"Kids Playground†. Issues at HQ:- No yearly promotion calendar to be furnished to suppliers for promotion planning. No full control over space allocation at store level for promotions Scan sales data provided to Category Captain limited to 7 Hypermarkets. No standard concept for HS display at CS/Supermarkets due to no plan-o-gram design for these channels. Plan-o-gram of stores is sometimes influenced by competitor Issues at DC:- No system to measure on-time delivery to stores. Weakness of delivery window to stores (too big gap from date of orders receipt to delivery that cause stock issues at store level. Capacity issue to manage high stock weight/turnover. Issues at Store Level:- Some of the store buyers are lack of understanding of internal SOP and not discipline in ordering -> lead to replenishment issues at store level. Service problems of Chilled vendors to supermarkets/CS Supermarket Cold Storage GIANT CUSTOMER – GIANT OPPORTUNITIES THREATS C H A N E L Hypermarkets Low store productivity due to issues at DC and store level. Store expansion (5 hypermarkets & 10 supermarkets) Joint forecast with Giant in order to have smooth pipeline to stores and improve forecast accuracy. Nestle is given priority by DC on storage and  delivery to outlets (due to top-to-top agreement on sales target and incentives). Consistency in stock deliveries of competitors that helped their A&V at store level and promotion execution. Supermarket SOS improvement by initiating plan-o-gram for CS/ Supermarkets and influence store buyers to allocate more SOS to DL products. Customised promotion for Supermarkets/CS that has different shopper profile. Cold Storage GIANT DLMI IN CUSTOMER (GIANT) DLMI VS COMPETITION STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITIES THREATS C A T E G O R I E S Chilled We are No. 3 suppliers in Chilled category after Cotra and F&N. Strong brand equity. We are lack of focus in Chilled compared to Ambient and no creativity in promotion activity. Our facing is less prominent compared to competitors. According to Giant CM, shopper behaviour is trending towards bulk purchase in chilled category. Customized promotion in Giant to associate DLMI image of dairy expert Competitors (Cotra and Nestle) are dominant in this category. RTE We are No. 2 supplier in this category after Nestle. We are offered lower margin to Giant compared to other suppliers. Multipack promotion (Buy 4 at RMxx) to encourage bulk purchase. Mini road show for LF RTE and DKY in order to bring new excitement to shoppers. Stiff competition from Nestle:- 60% contribution to total sales Deep pocket and react fast to competition. Category captain. Dominant SOS at store level. Shine DKY Continual innovation from DLMI who has strong market share in DKY segment. Creative to bring new things to shoppers, Lack of communication for benefits of â€Å"green tea extract† to the shoppers although it’s one of the key selling points. Based on TNS research, we are strong in retail chain with high % of Chinese compared to those with high % of Malay (i.e. Giant). Lack of margin to retailer (as above for RTE). Communication of product benefits via sampling at selected stores. Giant has the right shopper profile for SHINE to build a bigger consumer base. Promotion differentiation (i.e. TP FOC premium) to target Giant’s shoppers (Based on TNS research, promotion with premium giveaway is proven effective in this category). Customized promotion for CS that captured the target shoppers. Explore TP/Triple packs promo to increase volume. Road show to create awareness and enhance communication to the target shoppers. TESCO S.W.O.T. ANALYSES TESCO CUSTOMER – TESCO STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITIES THREATS C H A N E L Hypermarket Tesco is well-positioned for further growth to be No. 1 Retailer Limited products range offer to customers as Tesco’s selection on high quality products, good turnover brands and high profit margin. Strong expansion with 10 outlets opening (5 in Q2-Q3 & 2 in Q4) No full control and influence over space allocation as category captain. Competency in supply chain management and efficiency. Centralized system in Tesco that facilitates its EDLC operating model whilst building service levels. Tesco’s regulation leads to inflexibility in execution such as no premium, no cross-category promo etc. With the strength of operating system and supply chain in Tesco to drive efficiency and improve stock turn ratios. Joint forecast is required especially during promotion to maximize the sales opportunity. Tesco is a value-led retailer; its pricing policy is to â€Å"be the right price on all comparable products versus the benchmark† and to be the â€Å"best value retailer†. Tesco’s ability to gain customer insight, perform robust customer segmentation and deliver personalized marketing communication from its Club card loyalty Facing difficulties on stocks replenishment to be influenced at store level as store buyers are very dependent on system. The shopper behaviour insight gained from Tesco’s loyalty card data is currently used by Tesco in strategic decision-making, and to drive promotional activity Tesco has developed great expertise in private label development, and enable it to differentiate its offer from its competitors, build brand loyalty, grow margin and demonstrate both price and quality credentials. With the strong operating system and strategy having by Tesco, strong influence power from HQ to store level on execution and operation issue to leads the smooth process Have long term initiatives calendar plan (12 month rolling initiatives calendar) in order to work closely with Tesco (eg, P&G, Nestle and Dumex) Tesco is growing ag gressively to become big player in the retail market and it has market leading position which empowered them to have better negotiation power and demand against suppliers. PRODUCT COMPETITION ANALYSES Type DLMI Chilled Products Competing Products Eating Yoghurt Low Fat Nestle Fat Free, Marigold 0% Fat, F&N Alive, Private Label Drinking Yoghurt Low Fat & SHINE Nestle Bliss, Sunglo Lassi, Private Label SECTION 7.0 ACTION PLAN / IMPLEMENTATION Objective To be the strong No 2 position in the chilled market Selected strategy To focus on major promotion with 3 major fair and to participate in milk campaign Action Who By When Resources Measures To maintain at least 3 times promotion KAM & TM Mac, July & Nov Mktg Incremental of 80% – 90% To participate in 3 major fair & Milk For Life campaign KAM & TM Jun Mktg Anniversary & Milk For Life Campaign. Promotion generates about 200-400% growth, approx RM 700k To explore carton sales KAM Quarterly TM & Mktg Especially on RTE and DKY To create customized pack KAM Jun TM & Mktg Especially on RTE and DKY SECTION 8.0 CONCLUSIONS To conclude, even though chilled category is still at its infancy stage, the potential to grow is there. More and more Malaysians are becoming more health conscious and they are constantly looking for new exciting reasons for them to continue staying healthy. Other than that, Malaysians also tend to only buy chilled products only during promotions periods or when and as needed. Therefore such a mindset should be change and Dutch Lady should be a trend setter for such changes to happen. The proposed of this new flavor is also an opportunity for DLMI to open a new window to educate the consumers that besides exercising, the only way to stay healthy is to eat and drink healthy too. The author would again reiterate that all data provided are drilled solely by the author alone. The sources of the data taken are from the programmes and third party software that capture real life scan sales data and consumer off take. Read more: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/marketing-plan-dutch-lady-milk-industries-marketing-essay.php#ixzz37v6oAx4k

From the Ostrich of the Mesozoic Era to Modern Birds

From the Ostrich of the Mesozoic Era to Modern Birds Youd think it would be an easy matter to tell the story of bird evolution- after all, it was the striking adaptations of finches on the Galapagos Islands that, in the 19th century, led Charles Darwin to formulate the theory of evolution. The fact is, though, that gaps in the geological record, differing interpretations of fossil remains, and the exact definition of the word bird have all prevented experts from coming to a consensus about the distant ancestry of our feathered friends. Still, most paleontologists agree on the broad outlines of the story, which goes as follows. The Birds of the Mesozoic Era Although its reputation as the first bird has been overblown, there are good reasons to consider Archaeopteryx the first animal to inhabit a place more on the bird than on the dinosaur end of the evolutionary spectrum. Dating from the late Jurassic period, about 150 million years ago, Archaeopteryx sported such avian features as feathers, wings, and a prominent beak, though it had some distinctly reptilian traits as well (including a long, bony tail, a flat breastbone, and three claws jutting out of each wing). Its not even certain that Archaeopteryx could fly for extended periods of time, though it would easily have fluttered from tree to tree. (Recently, researchers announced the discovery of another basal avilian, Aurornis, that predated Archaeopteryx by 10 million years; its unclear, though, if this was any more a true bird than Archaeopteryx was.) From whence did Archaeopteryx evolve? Heres where matters become a bit ambiguous. While its reasonable to assume that Archaeopteryx derived from small, bipedal dinosaurs (Compsognathus is often cited as a likely candidate, and then there are all those other basal avilians of the late Jurassic period), that doesnt necessarily mean that it lay at the root of the entire modern bird family. The fact is that evolution tends to repeat itself, and what we define as birds may have evolved multiple times during the Mesozoic Era- for example, its possible that two famous birds of the Cretaceous period, Ichthyornis and Confuciusornis, as well as the tiny, finch-like Iberomesornis, evolved independently from raptor or dino-bird forebears. But wait, things get even more confusing. Because of gaps in the fossil record, not only could birds have evolved multiple times during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, but they could also have de-evolved- that is, become secondarily flightless like modern ostriches, which we know descended from flying ancestors. Some paleontologists believe certain birds of the late Cretaceous, like Hesperornis and Gargantuavis, may have been secondarily flightless. And heres an even more dizzying idea: what if the small, feathered raptors and dino-birds of the age of dinosaurs were descended from birds, and not the other way around? A lot can happen in the space of tens of millions of years! (For example, modern birds have warm-blooded metabolisms; its entirely likely that small, feathered dinosaurs were warm-blooded as well.) Thunder Birds, Terror Birds, and the Demon Duck of Doom A few million years before the dinosaurs went extinct, they had pretty much disappeared from South America (which is a bit ironic, considering thats where the very first dinosaurs probably evolved, back in the late Triassic period). The evolutionary niches that had once been occupied by raptors and tyrannosaurs were quickly filled by large, flightless, carnivorous birds that preyed on smaller mammals and reptiles (not to mention other birds). These terror birds, as theyre called, were typified by genera like Phorusrhacos and the big-headed Andalgalornis and Kelenken, and prospered until a few million years ago (when a land bridge opened between North and South America and mammalian predators decimated the giant bird population). One genus of the terror bird, Titanis, managed to prosper in the southernmost reaches of North America; if it sounds familiar, thats because its the star of the horror novel The Flock.) South America wasnt the only continent to spawn a race of giant, predatory birds. The same thing happened about 30 million years later in similarly isolated Australia, as evidenced by Dromornis (Greek for running bird, even though it doesnt seem to have been particularly fast), some individuals of which attained heights of 10 feet and weights of 600 or 700 pounds. You might assume that Dromornis was a distant but direct relative of the modern Australian ostrich, but it seems to have been more closely related to ducks and geese. Dromornis appears to have gone extinct millions of years ago, but other, smaller thunder birds like Genyornis lasted well into early historical times until they were hunted to death by aboriginal human settlers. The most notorious of these flightless birds may be Bullockornis, not because it was particularly bigger or deadlier than Dromornis but because it has been given a particularly apt nickname: the Demon Duck of Doom. Rounding out the roster of giant, predatory birds is Aepyornis, which (wouldnt you know it) dominated another isolated ecosystem, the Indian Ocean island of Madagascar. Also known as the Elephant Bird, Aepyornis may have been the biggest bird of all time, weighing close to half a ton. Despite the legend that a full-grown Aepyornis could drag off a baby elephant, the fact is that this imposing bird was probably a vegetarian. A relatively late newcomer on the giant bird scene, Aepyornis evolved during the Pleistocene epoch and lasted well into historical times, until human settlers figured out that a single dead Aepyornis could feed a family of 12 for weeks! Victims of Civilization Although giant birds like Genyornis and Aepyornis were done in by early humans, most of the attention in this regard centers on three famous birds: the moas of New Zealand, the Dodo Bird of Mauritius (a small, remote island in the Indian Ocean), and the North American Passenger Pigeon. New Zealands moas formed a rich ecological community all by themselves: among them were the Giant Moa (Dinornis), the tallest bird in history at a height of 12 feet, the smaller Eastern Moa (Emeus), and assorted other picturesquely named genera such as the Heavy-Footed Moa (Pachyornis) and the Stout-Legged Moa (Euryapteryx). Unlike other flightless birds, which at least retained rudimentary stumps, moas completely lacked wings, and they seem to have been devoted vegetarians. You can figure out the rest for yourself: these gentle birds were completely unprepared for human settlers and didnt know enough to run away when threatened- the result being that the last moas went extinct about 500 years ago. (A similar fate befell a similar, but smaller, flightless bird, New Zealands Great Auk.) The Dodo Bird (genus name Raphus) wasnt nearly as big as the typical moa, but it evolved similar adaptations to its isolated island habitat. This small, plump, flightless, plant-eating bird led a pretty much care-free existence for hundreds of thousands of years until Portuguese traders discovered Mauritius in the 15th century. The Dodos that werent easily picked off by blunderbuss-wielding hunters were torn apart by (or succumbed to diseases carried by) the traders dogs and pigs, making them the poster birds for extinction down to the present day. Reading the above, you might get the mistaken impression that only fat, flightless birds can be hunted to extinction by humans. Nothing could be further from the truth, a case in point being the Passenger Pigeon (genus name Ectopistes, for wanderer.) This flying bird used to traverse the North American continent in flocks of literally billions of individuals, until overhunting (for food, sport, and pest control) rendered it extinct. The last known passenger pigeon died in 1914 at the Cincinnati Zoo, despite belated attempts at preservation.

Agricutural Reveloution essays

Agricutural Reveloution essays This video was about the development of mankind and how agriculture helped develop mankind. Agriculture and production of food began about 10,000 years ago. Hence, the world population could not have grown without the agricultural revolution. Without the development of agriculture, the modern and urban society would not have developed. Early man hunted fish, dug for nuts, and gathered crops. But today we take everything for granted. However, instead of gathering, men and woman cultivated the crops. The beginning of plants are connected to climatic change, however some people in Alaska, Africa, India still hunt for their food. Today's farmers are descendents of previous settlers but since we have the availability of products we take everything for granted. For example, foods from different parts of the world and especially canned foods. The early farmers would get the best grain and plant them, this was serial cultivation. The introduction of farming spread vastly, and then advanced into Europe. A variety of animals were domesticated in different parts of the world such as goats, sheep, donkey, pig, and horse. So the dimensions of humans completely changed, once agriculture began people were tied into their land. Agriculture made diversity as communities spread. The demand of agriculture called for greater cooperation. Overall, I thought this video was good. It explained how crops were cultivated and planted and once agriculture got started how people changed their ways. This video gave an accurate understanding of principles on cultivation. Personally, The Agricultural Revolution was an easy to understand and descriptive video. ...

Mowlana Jalaluddin Rumi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mowlana Jalaluddin Rumi - Essay Example Significantly, as the greatest mystic poet of Islam, Rumi recaps the hopes, frustrations, paradoxes, contradictions, etc of the modern America and the world as whole. His teachings, lifestyle, and the poetic writings, along with his popularity, confirm that there is an insatiable thirst for spiritual answers in America for the troubling questions of the modern living. "He is a symbol of unity," observes Akbar Ahmed, "and his fame tells us about the greatness of American society." (Ahmed, 19) Mowlana Jalaluddin Rumi is also greatly popular as the writer of the book Masnwi, prevalently known as the Persian Koran, and the founder of the Whirling Dervishes, the Mevlevi Sufi order. In this exploratory analysis, the focus has been laid on the life and teachings of Rumi, specifically his Sufi lifestyle and his Whirling Dervishes. Rumi is the most renowned Persian poet and mystic who has left an enduring imprint on the modern world through his life and teachings, and his Sufi life style contributed profoundly to his current reputation. It has been observed by several modern critics that there has never been another poet and Islam theologian who immensely influenced the spiritual and literary life of Islamic lands as Rumi, the poet and mystic. His influence on the modern thinkers and mystics, along with a great number of thinking population, is indubitable, and he left a significant way of living to the modern man. "Over the centuries he has inspired thinkers, poets, and mystics from the shores of the Bosphorus to the Bay of Bengal and beyond." (Yarshater, xi) Through his life and Sufi lifestyle, Mevlana inspired his followers, and the most significant characteristic of his philosophy and Islamic mysticism was that he was distinct from the ordinary Muslim teachers of the orthodox type. His life style and Sufi order was the result of his spiritual and mystic leadership which was enabled by his period which is known as one of the most spiritual periods of Islam. Rumi was born in a period which was blessed with a spiritual environment. It was a period where "in almost every corner of the Islamic world were found great saints, poets, and mystical leaders, who, in the darkness of political and economical catastrophes, guides the people towards a world which was unhurt by change, telling them the secret of suffering love, and taught that God's inscrutable will and His Love may reveal itself in affliction even better than in happiness." (Schimmel, 10) Rumi made his remarkable contribution to this spiritual environment through his teachings, Sufi lifestyle, and works, and people remember him for these contributions. Jalaleddin Rumi, one of the great spiritual masters and poetic geniuses of Islamic world as well as the entire mankind, had a great understanding of living and he founded the Mevlevi Sufi order for the followers who were attracted by his teachings. The secret of Tawhid or unity or God's Oneness, the illumination of the Koran, the conscience of faith, and the peace of Muhammad's ethics etc contributed to Rumi's infinite tolerance. The most essential characteristic of the maturity and distinct quality of Rumi's personality is that fact that he practiced all that he preached, illustrating his words through his actions. It is evident, as Hidayetoglu observes, that "Rumi cleverly exhibited with his own lifestyle, the sublime tolerance imbibed from the joy of

Early Jazz and Society New Orleans & Chicago Assignment

Early Jazz and Society New Orleans & Chicago - Assignment Example The reason here is the fact that many conservatives first viewed jazz as a genre of music associated with dirty life practices such as prostitution among others. Second, â€Å"The secretary of the United States Navy ordered the closing of prostitution, gambling places, saloons and dance halls in 1917 across Storyville district of New Orleans.† This made other jazz musicians to look for work in other places. Further discrimination ensured that blacks migrated to other areas yet they were the majority customers for jazz musicians. Louis Armstrong later settled in Chicago becoming the pioneer of jazz music alongside other native Chicago jazz musicians. Lastly, â€Å"Radio stations generally boycotted jazz and blues music, but enough percolated through the air waves to increase the cult status of jazz. However, it was the record that contributed to the spread of jazz among white audience (Scarufi, P.).†Ã‚   In fact, jazz in Chicago is believed to have flourished owing to th e demise of the genre in New Orleans. Clearly, the behavior by radio stations shows a sense of sabotage to a genre already flourishing in many parts of the United States especially, Chicago and New Orleans. Arguably, this indicates how much skeptical the conservatives were about the existence of jazz music. Therefore, it is clear that jazz music in both New Orleans and Chicago faced a lot of resistance by the conservative public. Nevertheless, the genre managed to percolate and is now one of United States’ most loved music types.