Explain Steps in Organizational Changes Process free essay sample

There are four steps in organizational changes process. The management of change involves determining the needs for changes, determining the obstacles to change, implementing change, and evaluating change. Explaining steps in organizational change process are as follows: First, the organization may determine the needs for changes to make organization more responsive, flexible and competitive. Before the changing, the organization should find the gap between performance objectives and actual performance, and uses some indicators, which like total net profit, sales per employee, and labor costs, to measure the gap in order to decide whether the organization needs to change. Second, the organization need to identify the obstacles, which like resisting changes at organization, division or individual level, Unions resistance, the culture, strategies and structures of the organization, and financial ability, to introduce new policies and practices when the organization need to changes. For example, for the financial ability, HR manager expects to introduce new technology to make the organization more competitive. However, the organization doesn’t have enough subsidies to afford all staffs to learn new skills. Therefore, the organization should identify all potential barriers. Third, the organization should consider which methods to implement in the change to reduce the resistance from managers or employees. The organization can use internal managers or external consultants to carry out the changes. The internal managers have more knowledgeable about people and business operations, but the internal managers often are too narrow to successfully introduce change. Besides, the external consultants are politically neutral and possessing broader and have more knowledgeable viewpoints, but the external consultants do not know the organization and its staff. Therefore, the organization should measure which method is more suitable for the organization. Moreover, the organization should use Top-Down or Bottom-Up approach to implement the changes. The Top-Down approach which managers need to involve in decision and implementation, this approach emphasizes on speed and action. This approach shows the low-level staff just participates in the changes, but top-level managers are made decisions. The Bottom-Up approach which involves considerable discussion and consultation with managers and employees, it emphasizes participation, communication, and the minimizations of uncertainty. This approach makes the staff have more motivations and satisfactions. Therefore, the organization should choose which approach to implement the changes. Last, to measure the effectiveness of changes, the organization use some indicators, like employee productivity, job satisfaction, sales, to compare the before and after situations to analyze and control the outcome. For example, when the organization implemented the change, it can compare the sales this year and last year to evaluate the effectiveness of the change. Therefore, the organization can utilize different indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of the change. The organization should change regularly as the business environment is constantly changing. However, some of reasons why the employees sometimes resistant to change are followings: If I were a HR manager, I would handle this situation with different methods to help the employees. As a HR manager, I would communicate with the employees to reduce the influences of them. Some employees may resist changing because they feel incapable of performing well under the new way of doing things like using high technology, and they do not understanding what is happening or why. Therefore, I would communicate with them to reduce their resistances. As a HR manager, I would participate with the employees to attend some lessons or courses, which are provided by the organization. It is because some of them may feel work overload and loss of face when they faced the change. They may feel that they are physically or mentally unable to handle the change and feel uncomfortable. Thus, I would participate with them to support them to change. As a HR manager, I would organize some channels, which like meetings, memos, E-mails, and social network, to let the employees know why the organization needs to change in order to reduce their resistances and angers. In the channels, I would tell them the high technology only less skills required, the change can carry lower pay rate. So I would organize some channels to reduce their fear of the unknown. As a HR manager, I would negotiate with the organization to provide the counseling for the lay-off employees to lower negative emotions. Some of them may feel that their pay and benefits may be reduced or they may lose their job as the economic downturn. Thus, I would require the organization provide counseling to give them comfort. As a HR manager, I would negotiate with the organization providing rewards when the employees accepted some required. The organization needs to introduce some high technology as an example, if some of them, who accepted the requirement, may have opportunities to increase their pays or promotion. Therefore, I would utilize some rewards to attract them. Therefore, as a HR manager, I am not only monitoring organization’s environment, but also I should communicate with employees.

Original Marriage Polygamy free essay sample

Once referred to as the â€Å"original marriage† Polygamy is now an alternative lifestyle lived by many, but is it right? There are multiple countries around the world that believe that this is in fact an applicable way of living. The Origins of polygamy are extremely vast and are practiced all over the world. However, in the United States it is illegal, yet there are many knowing individuals who still partake in this style of living. It is reported that â€Å"there are 40,000 people living in polygamous families or communities across the Western region of the U. S† (Scharnberg Brachear, 2006).Should these people be prosecuted? Or are we as Americans pre judging a lifestyle that we know nothing about? In this paper, I will discuss what polygamy is, the controversies surrounding polygamy in the United States, and how polygamy emerged and extended through various cultures and religions globally. In addition, I will further explain if it is still practiced, and if so, is it accepted and acknowledged by their creed. Polygamy consists of three forms; they are polygyny, polyandry, and group marriage. Polygyny is the practice of having more than one wife at the same time.This was the original name for polygamy during the ninetieth century, it later became known as polygamy. The second form is polyandry which is the act of having many husbands at more than one time. Of the three, this practice is rare; it was traditionally practiced among Tibetans in Nepal and parts of China. The final form is group marriage (also referred to as circle marriage) this is the act of multiple women and men forming a single family. All members of the marriage share parental duties of any children they may have or will be created within their circle.Many practitioners feel that they are misunderstood and misjudged and feel that a monogamous relationship is ultimately impossible to maintain and that polygamy is a culture that is honest and upfront with each other. Amy Kaufman believes that â€Å"The most prevalent objection to polygamy is that it demeans women†. (Kaufman, 2005) It is also argued to be another form of slavery where children are at risk every day because in many cases they are conditioned to embrace a life of servitude. In any event, Polygamy still exists and is practiced around the world.All though there aren’t many cases surrounding polygamy it is a severely controversial topic. In the United States it is difficult to prove that polygamy is of existence. Even though polygamy is considered a crime, Individuals are rarely charged because it is extremely difficult to encourage polygamist or ex polygamist to come forth. Many of them are scared of being barred from their community or even prosecuted for admitting that they’ve partaken in polygamy. Unfortunately, without any choices of their own, children are born in to polygamy and the mental damaged is already done.They see nothing wrong with underage marriage, pregnancy and incest. There are several controversies surrounding this topic one of which is organized under aged marriages. In the case of the State of Utah vs. Holm’s Suzie Stubbs was married to her husband Rodney H. Holm in 1986. Holms a member of the fundamentalist church of Jesus Christ of latter day saints participated in a marriage ceremony (while still married to his first wife) with 16-year old Ruth Stubbs. Ruth claimed that she was forced into marrying her sister’s husband.Suzie Stubbs was later arrested; all though she wasn’t charged for polygamy she was charged with abetting bigamy and illegal sex. One of the largest custody cases in the United States history was the Texas polygamist custody case. It initiated with a 16-year old girl repeatedly calling an abuse hotline, claiming to be beaten and forced to become a â€Å"spiritual wife† to an adult man. Acting on her calls Texas Child welfare services removed all 439 (ranging in ages from infants to teenagers, and teenage mothers) children from the Yearning for Zion Ranch.The children were placed in foster care until the state Supreme Court ruled. It was later detected that the phone calls were fake. The children were later returned to the ranch. Arguably one of the most controversial polygamy cases in the United States was Warren Jeff’s. Warren Jeff was the president of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of latter day saints (FLDS) from 2002- 2007. Separating themselves from mainstream Mormonism, the FLDS group decided to continue monogamy since Utah denounced Polygamy in 1890. They began building residential structures in El Dorado, Texas, Colorado City and Arizona.Unlike Islamic belief, In Africa women are not given the authority to decide whether they’re husbands can have multiple wives. In Africa, polygamy is used to show a man’s wealth and it is also utilized to display a man’s virility and need for sexual satisfaction. Men can also accumulate wives as a result through inheritance. In the unfortunate event of a husband’s passing his brother would take over his household which includes his wife. In instances where there are multiple wives, they would be distributed among the remaining brothers.There is a lot of resentment between the wives. With hopes to eliminate one another many of the wives performed witch craft on each other. The children are put against each other, and in some severe cases, are encouraged to kill their father with the hopes of inheriting his wealth and status. In ancient India, Polygamy was mainly among warrior’s castes and rich merchants, while the sages and seers were strictly monogamous or completely celibate. Although it was never a popular practice in ancient India, It was accepted for the procreation and continuation of family lineage.Polygamy in ancient India was considered a matter of personal choice. Several Hindu gods were often depicted as polygamous. It was noted that lord Krishna had 16,108 wives. It was tradition that the women in Hinduism never be left alone with males. Similar to African polygamy, in the event of her husband’s death she must marry her husband’s brother. The Hindu law books later made provisions on polygamy. Present day Hindus consider both polygamy and polyandry archaic and inadequate and no longer practice the belief.In conclusion, whether your views on polygamy are positive or negative, it appears to be a lifestyle that will always exist. Polygamy is a culture that is practiced globally. Initially the reasoning was solely for procreation. It has later become a religious tenet, and a matter of choice. It is arguably compared and associated with gay and lesbian marriage rights. Many polygamists feel that they are being stripped from their right to live freely. However if â€Å"living freely† involves sexual assaulting minors, and secluding their young from civilization, then maybe polygamy should stay illegal in the United States.

Sample Essay For New Grad R.N. Program

Sample Essay For New Grad R.N. ProgramThe majority of the students in the class who apply for a new graduate R.N. program who are admitted find that their applications are often turned down for admission to the program. After the applicant is informed that they were not accepted, they may be confused about why they were declined.The reason why you were declined for the grad R.N. program is not the only issue to take into consideration. In many cases, the admissions committee will want to review the application and interview the applicant. This information should be noted when preparing your sample essay for new grad R.N. program.It is very important that you prepare an application for the program as it was filled out. When you use a blank application, it is very possible that the admissions committee will believe that you did not prepare an application. On the other hand, if you fill out an application that is completely filled with false information, they may be less likely to belie ve that your application was truly prepared by you.You should always prepare a sample essay for a new grad R.N. program as this is an application that is made by the applicant in order to help them appeal to the admissions committee. It is very common for people to include information in their application that was not the truth. Even though the admissions committee will not interview you, you should always prepare an essay for the new grad R.N. program to help you to remain relevant.Examples are not difficult to come by. There are many magazines that have many examples of the type of information that is considered relevant. The sample essay should be concise and easy to understand.Theinformation should include information that relates to current events. It is important that the reader understands how to apply the concepts presented in the essay. The essay should be well organized and should also be written clearly. By being aware of the importance of the essay, you will have a bette r chance of getting accepted.Some students have a hard time reading information because they do not like it; however, this is not a problem when writing the sample essay for a new grad R.N. program. Make sure that you research the terms and information that you include in the essay. The information should be easy to understand so that the admissions committee can quickly assess the information.You will find that the sample essay for a new grad R.N. program will be helpful in helping to prepare you for the information you will be asked to write. If you are applying for a new grad R.N. program, you should prepare a sample essay for new grad R.N.

Perverse incentives Essays - Motivation, Disincentive,

Perverse Incentives 1)A: A company pays the workers for how many cars they can produce. Instead the workers made little toy cars to produce more to get paid a large sum of money. B: Any system of performance-related pay for corporate executives can induce unacceptable risk-taking, unless there are penalties for poor performance C: Government rebates for low gas consumption vehicles encourage people to buy those vehicles. People who own low gas consumption vehicles find that the cost of driving their cars has gone down, since the cars require less gas, and hence they will want to drive their cars more often. This could result in an increase in total gas consumption. D: No Child Left Behind Act-type laws require schools to show smooth improvement in their students' test scores. Thus, schools may benefit from having poorer performance one year in order to show 'improvement' the next. Alternatively, where tests are given near the end of high school, schools may benefit from not making efforts to discourage lower-achieving students from dropping out before these students are old enough to take the tests. 2) Disincentive: something that discourages or deters; deterrent: High interest rates and government regulations are disincentives to investment. A: The stock market crash B: Occupational Injury Pay Supplements: Many firms pay supplemental benefits to make up the difference between workers compensation benefits and regular earnings. C: Short-Term Disability: In some companies, disabled employees receive STD benefits in lieu of salary after six weeks. But the standard definition for disability may differ from workers comp, allowing an employee to collect both 3) Perverse incentive: is when you tell your company or workers if you do something or produce something you will get paid a larger amount. A Disincentive is when you have something that discourages someone from doing something because it is not what that person thinks is right.

How to get an Order of Protection

How to get an Order of Protection What do you do when you feel unsafe with someone in your family or household? Contacting law enforcement and getting an order of protection may be for you.   The Facts An order of protection (also called a restraining order) is an official legal document, signed by a judge, that is filed against a current or former family member or household member or other similar relationship. The order forces that individual to keep at a distance and is intended to prevent his or her abusive behavior toward you. Enforceable in court, it can be drafted to meet your specific needs as they apply to your situation. How It Works An order of protection can require the abuser to stay away from you and limit other forms of access; it can prevent the abuser from contacting you by phone, cell phone text messages, email, mail, fax, or third parties. It can force the abuser to move out of your home, give you exclusive use of your car, and award you temporary custody of your children along with child support, spousal support, and the continuation of insurance coverage. If the order of protection is violated by the abuser- if he or she visits you at home, in the workplace, or anywhere else or makes phone calls, sends emails, or attempts to contact you- the abuser can be arrested and placed in jail. How to Obtain One To get an order of protection, you have several options. You can contact the states or district attorney or inform the police that you wish to apply for an order of protection. You can also go to the county in which you or your abuser resides, and ask the court clerk for Order of Protection forms, which must be filled out. After the paperwork is filed, a hearing date will be set (typically within 14 days) and you will be required to appear in court on that day. The hearing may take place either in family court or criminal court. The judge will ask you to prove that you have experienced abuse or been threatened with violence. Witnesses, police reports, hospital and physician reports, and evidence of physical abuse or assault are often necessary to convince the judge to issue an order of protection. Physical evidence of abuse such as injuries caused by abuse or photos that show past injuries, property damage, or objects used in the assault will help make your case. How It Protects You The order of protection provides you an opportunity to define your safety needs. If children are involved, you can request custody and restrictions on visitation or no contact orders. Whenever the abuser violates the terms of the order of protection, you should call the police. Once you obtain one, it is imperative that you make multiple copies of the document. It is important that you carry a copy of your order protection at all times, particularly if you have children and there are custody and visitation limitations. Sources â€Å"Domestic Violence.†Ã‚  American Bar Association, www.americanbar.org/groups/public_education/resources/law_issues_for_consumers/protection_howget/.â€Å"Obtaining an Order of Protection.†Ã‚  FamilyEducation, 25 July 2006, www.familyeducation.com/life/divorce-law/obtaining-order-protection.

Financial Reporting and Analysis IBM Assignment

Financial Reporting and Analysis IBM - Assignment Example The management of International Business Machines also decided to narrow down their advertising agencies to one. This minimized cost and maximized the resources of the company hence an effective advertisement which led to increase in sale of IBM products therefore increasing profits. The performance of the organization led to increase in price of shares which resulted to increase in return of equity and increase on number of investors (Garr, 2000). Revenue increased in the year nineteen ninety eight by four percent and declined in the following year by fifteen percent. Growth in revenue of a company indicates efficiency in marketing and advertisement strategies. It is also an indication of increase in market share of products of the firm (Hill & Jones, 2012). This can be caused by expansion in operations of the firm and diversification of its products. In the following year, there was a decline in revenue of the organization. The company reaching its maturity might have caused this and revenue started declining. In addition, the consumers of the company product might have changed preference for the product. This could be caused by an emergence of a similar product or reduction of price of the same product through rivals of the company. The decline in revenue could also be caused by changes in the economic conditions such as inflation. This would reduce sales which in turn force prices of goods up leading to decline in sales he nce decrease in revenue. Changes in technology could largely affect the revenue of the organization. The firm did not change to technology as expected by its customers hence led to decrease in revenue (Hill & Jones, 2012). Gross margins on the other hand are profits made after the company deducts all the costs or expenses made on sales which are referred to as gross sales. The gross margins have increased throughout the years for IBM Company as indicated in its

Litigation v. Mediation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Litigation v. Mediation - Essay Example f a lawsuit, case, or controversy – which is a contest authorized by the provisions of law, and at a court of justice – which is aimed at the realization or the pursuit of enforcing the breached rights or the expected parts of the deal in question. The participants in such a case are the plaintiff and the defendant – who within the subject of the lawsuit are referred to, as the litigants. Mediation on the other hand, is an ‘alternative dispute resolution’ model, which is used to complement or substitute other modes – as a way of assisting the disputants reach an agreement, through the creation of improved dialogue between them. In such a case, the parties involved are to consider the mediation process – as resolving the dispute to their mutual advantage – besides facilitation by an impartial mediator. Considering that the dispute is of a business nature, it is conclusive that the right or the duty to be enforced must have some financial value – as well as a time-span within which its value may be perceived. Therefore, in the case the legal pursuit is to extend to the level – which the value of the legal practice or pursuit exceeds the value of the breached agreement; then from a business perspective, the pursuit will not be logical or rational. On the basis of this argument, mediation as opposed to litigation is a better option; as it will require less time and cost incurrence. The advantages that Alexander is likely to enjoy, in the case he chooses to take mediation instead of litigation include the following: A timely resolution of the dispute, which is basically – because the neutral and experienced third-party will push for increased dialogue between the disputants, from which better understanding of the dispute premises will be established, therefore making the case easier to resolve. In this regard, the better understanding as well as the pursuit for voluntary agreement and mutual advantage will enable the disputants to arrive at